GenAge entry for GH1 (Homo sapiens)

Entry selected based on evidence directly linking the gene product to ageing in a mammalian model organism

Gene name (HAGRID: 26)

HGNC symbol: GH1
Aliases: GH-N; GHN; GH; hGH-N
Common name: growth hormone 1

Potential relevance to the human ageing process

Main reason for selection

Entry selected based on evidence directly linking the gene product to ageing in a mammalian model organism

Description

A secreted hormone crucial in growth control, GH1 (also known as somatotropin) stimulates IGF1 secretion. GH1 levels decline with age in humans and may contribute to loss of body mass [280]. Several results from model organisms, including rodents, suggest that the GH1/IGF1 axis plays a role in ageing. However, it is the attenuation of GH1/IGF1 activity that is associated with longevity in model organisms [286]. Transgenic mice overexpressing bovine GH1 are bigger than controls and may age faster [278]. Ames mice, which lack GH1 due to a mutation in | PROP1|, have increased health span and lifespan. Ames mice fed on a high fat diet are obese yet more insulin (INS) sensitive than control mice [4355]. Ames mice have been crossbred with mice lacking GHR, producing a new lineage lacking both GH1 and the GH receptor. These mice have improved glucose tolerance and increased adiponectin levels. Whilst these mice show the same increased longevity as their progenitors they do not show any further increases in longevity [4374]. In rats, moderate suppression of GH1 slightly extends lifespan while an extreme suppression leads to a shorter lifespan [287].

Growth hormone deficiency has been thought to diminish lifespan in humans [144]. However, it has been shown that GH1 secretion is diminished and tightly controlled in humans with familial longevity. Middle aged offspring of long living families were sampled, along with their partners as controls. No significant differences were observed in circulating levels of IFG1 and IGFBP3 [4362]. Despite its controversy, GH1 is a possible candidate for a gene playing a role in human ageing.

Cytogenetic information

Cytogenetic band: 17q24.2
Location: 63,917,193 bp to 63,918,852 bp
Orientation: Minus strand

Display region using the UCSC Genome Browser (GRCh38/hg38)

Protein information

Gene Ontology

Process:

GO:0002092; positive regulation of receptor internalization
GO:0007259; JAK-STAT cascade
GO:0010535; positive regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
GO:0014068; positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
GO:0015758; glucose transport
GO:0032355; response to estradiol
GO:0040018; positive regulation of multicellular organism growth
GO:0042517; positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
GO:0042523; positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
GO:0043406; positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
GO:0043568; positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
GO:0046427; positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
GO:0050731; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
GO:0060396; growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
GO:0060397; JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway
GO:0070977; bone maturation

Cellular component:

GO:0005576; extracellular region
GO:0005615; extracellular space
GO:0005622; intracellular

Function:

GO:0005131; growth hormone receptor binding
GO:0005148; prolactin receptor binding
GO:0005179; hormone activity
GO:0005515; protein binding
GO:0008083; growth factor activity
GO:0046872; metal ion binding

Hide GO terms

Protein interactions and network

Protein-protein interacting partners in GenAge: GHR, SHC1
STRING interaction network

Retrieve sequences for GH1

Promoter: Promoter
ORF: ORF
CDS: CDS

Homologs in model organisms

No homologs found

In other databases

LongevityMap

This gene is present as GH1